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TRAVEL
& TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Instructions to candidates:
a) Time
allowed: Three hours (plus an extra ten minutes’ reading time at the start – do
not write anything during this time)
b)
Answer any FIVE questions
c) All
questions carry equal marks. Marks for each question are shown in [ ]
1. a)
Analyse and evaluate the range of characteristics of visitor attractions which
affect their sustainable development and marketing. [8]
b)
Examine the distinct structural and geographical characteristics of EACH of the
following with sustainability in mind:
i. Ski
resorts
ii.
Golf courses
iii.
Theme parks
iv.
Casinos [12]
2. a)
Quality control plays an important role in attaining economic, environmental
and socio-cultural sustainability. Analyse and evaluate this role. [12]
b)
Explain the terms certification and accreditation levels and examine their role in helping to deliver sustainability. [8]
3. a)
Examine the range of sustainability-related practices which have become
commonplace in the tourism industry over the last twenty years. Identify the
types of organisations applying them. [10]
b) The
cruise ship industry acquired a reputation for irresponsible environmental and
social practices during the latter half of the twentieth century. Examine the
reasons for this statement. [10]
4.
Zoning, districting, the purchase of development rights and trade-offs are
strategies implemented by destination managers and planners to achieve
sustainable tourism. Analyse and evaluate their impact. [20]
5. a)
Analyse the structure and major components of the formal tourism industry and
illustrate your answer with a model or diagram. [12]
b) The
emergence of the ‘green’ tourist is one example of the ‘green’ consumer.
Provide and examine the evidence supporting this statement. [8]
6. a)
Compare and evaluate the key differences between alternative tourism and conventional
mass tourism. [10]
b)
Examine the potential negative effects of alternative tourism. [10]
7. Give
examples of visitor capping strategies such as quotas, entry fees and
infrastructure limitations and analyse the extent to which they may be
warranted to prevent negative tourism impacts. [20]
8. a)
Explore the relationship between destinations and the various sectors of the
tourism industry and
analyse
the importance of destinations in this context. [12]
b)
Examine the distinctive qualities of special events that influence
sustainability issues. [8]