Drug abuse has consequences that effect more than just the health of the person who is using drugs. Drug abuse also has a) social consequences – strains relationships with other people

1. b) Economic consequences – contributes to missed work days, reduced performance on the job and can increase workplace accidents
2. c) Criminal justice consequences – compulsion to take drugs can cause a person to engage in illegal activity to obtain drugs
3. d) all of the above
4. e) none of the above- the consequences of drug use only affect the individual taking them
5. Drug addiction is equivalent to the new categorization of severe substance use disorder established by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5 ). Severe SUD =addiction is
6. a) Compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences
7. b) Always having a beer on football game night
8. c) having a glass of wine with dinner
9. d) a personal choice that is easily changed at any time

3.Drug use is thought by some to be a moral failing because people do voluntarily choose to start using drugs for a variety of reasons which include

1. a) to feel better, self-medicate to treat a condition they are experiencing like anxiety, stress, depression, or pain
2. b) to experience an intense feeling of pleasure that is sometimes accompanied by felling of power, self-confidence, and increased energy
3. c) to enhance their performance such as in sports or to increase their focus
4. d) Curiosity and peer pressure – especially true for youth and adolescents
5. e) All of the above
6. Not everyone who takes drugs becomes addicted to them underscoring the fact that there are many factors that contribute to an individual’s risk for addiction. Generally, the more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that they will become addicted

Risk factors for substance use disorders include

a)Good self- control , lack of parental supervision

1. b) aggressive behavior , poor social skills, poverty
2. c) academic competence, drug experimentation, route of drug administration
3. d) neighborhood pride, availability of drugs
4. protective factors reduce a person risk of developing substance use disorders and can be either ________(condition at home or at school) or __________(person’s genetic makeup, age)
5. a) simple, complex
6. b) location, preference
7. c) environmental, biological
8. d) emotional, physical
9. Scientists estimate that generic factors account for between _________of person’s vulnerability to drug addiction
10. a) 10-30%
11. b) 40-60%
12. c) 60-80%
13. d) 90-100%
14. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of drugs because
15. a) They are all too immature to know better
16. b) They remain dependent upon adult care
17. c) Their brains are still developing and drug use can interrupt healthy synaptic pruning
18. d) They are irresponsible
19. How drugs are taken
20. a) has no impact on their addictive potential
21. b) can decrease how addictive they are, especially drugs that are ingested
22. c) can increase how addictive they are, especially drugs that are injected or smoked
23. d) none of the above
24. The area of the brain that is still maturing in adolesents that enables self-control and sound decision- making is the
25. a) prefrontal cortex
26. b) hippocampus
27. c) amygdala
28. d) basal ganglia

10

a)5-6 years old, 12-13 years old

1. b) 7-8 years old, 14-15 years old
2. c) 5-6 years old, 14-15 years old
3. d) 12-13 years old, 16-17 years old

11.

Substance use prevention programs are important to help reduce or prevent drug use in children and adolescents. There are there types of prevention programs to meet this need

1)___________programs address risk and protective factors common to all children, 2)________programs target specific groups of children and teens who are especially at risk for SUDS

, and 3) ________programs are designed for youth who are already using drugs

a)universal, selective, indicated

1. b) selective, universal, indicated
2. c) indicated, selective, universal
3. d) universal indicated, selective

12.

a)as the perception of harm decreases , the use of both cigarettes and marijuana decreases

1. b) as the perception of harm increases, the use of both cigarettes and marijuana decreases
2. c) as the perception of harm decreases, the use of both cigarettes and marijuana increases
3. d) as the perception of harm increases, the use of both cigarettes and marijuana increases
4. Most drugs of abuse target the reward system in the brain by flooding the synapses with an abnormally high concentration of ___________
5. a) Dopamine
6. b) Serotonin
7. c) Acetylcholine
8. d) GABA

14.

The reward system in the brain is important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle because

a)it’s the center of the brain that keeps our emotions in check, preventing depression

1. b) it help us maintain a healthy balance of basal physiological function
2. c) it reinforces the behaviors that enhance our survival and encourages us to repeat these behaviors
3. d) none of the above
4. Drugs stimulate the reward system much more powerfully than natural behaviors such as eating and sex by
5. a) inducing neurons to release 2-10 times the amount of dopamine than natural rewards
6. b) producing euphoric effects that last longer or are more intense than natural rewards
7. c) both of these
8. ________is when a who person has taken a particular drug for a while requires a greater amount of drug just to feel normal or experience the euphoric effects

a)accommodation

b)tolerance

c)escalation

d)recidivism

17. _________is a type of learning that links environment cues to drug experiences, creating powerful cravings to use drugs even if a person has been abstinent for many years
18. a) conditioning
19. b) kinesthetic
20. c) linguistic
21. d) aural
22. Long term and frequent drug use can contribute to a variety of health consequences including
23. a) infectious disease
24. b) lung disease
25. c) stroke
26. d) cardiovascular
27. e) all of the above

19.Medications to treat substance use disorders do not replace one drug with another. These medications help to normalize the brain chemistry and allow the brain circuits to adapt to the absence of the abused substance without producing the euphoria and preventing cravings. The medications methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone are used to treat________ use disorder, while disulfiram, acamprosate, and naltrexone are used to treat __________use disorder

1. a) nicotine, opioid
2. b) alcohol, opioid
3. c) opioid, alcohol
4. d) nicotine, alcohol
5. Behavioral treatments can greatly improve treatment outcomes for people experiencing substance use disorders.________ therapy helps patient recognize, avoid and cope with situations where they are most likely to use drugs. _________therapy uses strategies to evoke a rapid and internally motivated behavior change to stop drug use.
6. a) Contingency management, family
7. b) Cognitive behavioral, motivational enhancement
8. c) Cognitive behavioral, contingency management
9. d) Motivational enhancement, cognitive behavioral
10. Marijuana contains the cannabinoid chemical THC that produces the psychoactive effects (high) of marijuana when it is smoked or consumed by
11. a) inhibiting dopamine neurons in the brain reward center
12. b) inhibiting GABA release from neighboring neurons that synapse with dopamine neurons in the brain reward center, causing the dopamine neurons to increase dopamine release
13. c) decreasing dopamine reuptake in the synapse
14. d) decreasing dopamine degradation in the synapse
15. Methamphetamine is a stimulant that causes addiction by
16. a) binding to dopamine transporters on presynaptic dopamine neurons preventing reuptake of dopamine within the synapse
17. b) causing presynaptic dopamine neurons to increase the release of dopamine into the synapse
18. c) both selections above
19. Cocaine is a stimulant that causes addiction by
20. a) binding to dopamine transporters on presynaptic dopamine neurons preventing reuptake of dopamine within the synapse
21. b) causing presynaptic dopamine neurons to increase the release of dopamine into the synapse
22. c) both selections above
23. PET imaging studies performed in Dr. Nora Volkow’s lab showed that the amount of _________is reduced in the brains of addicted individuals compared to people who are not addicted to drugs
24. a) D1 dopamine receptors
25. b) D2 dopamine receptors
26. c) D3 dopamine receptors
27. d) D4 dopamine receptors
28. What substances are added to foods to make them so desirable that they bypass the satiety pathway becoming addictive, causing people to overheat?
29. a) sugar
30. b) fat
31. c) salt
32. d) all of the above